Steel production residues

The making of iron and steel generates residual products, namely by-products and waste. In Sweden, no less than 80 percent of the residual products are either reused as raw materials for new steel production or sold for other areas of application. The Swedish steel industry’s vision is for none other than socially useful products to leave the company premises. 

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The amount of the steel production residues, i.e. by-products and waste, reflect the amount of produced steel. Iron and steel production in Sweden generate almost two million tonnes of residual products (2018). This total can roughly be divided into three groups:

• 44 % is used externally, e.g. sold on as products.
• 34 % is used internally, e.g. reused as a raw material in the production processes.
• 22 % is waste and sent to landfill

Furthermore, iron and steel scrap also arise in connection with the production and processing of the end products. This recycled scrap metal is reused within companies as iron raw material in the production process or else the scrap is sold on. 

Read more about scrap in the section Recycling of iron and steel

At the iron-ore based plants, above all, a large portion of the residual products can be fed back into the processes. The steel producer SSAB, for example, has developed techniques for reintroducing residual products in the form of cement-bonded briquettes, see illustration above. The briquettes may comprise the following:  blast furnace flue dust, revert scrap and mill scale sludge.  These materials render a raw material for the blast furnace that includes iron, limestone and carbon.

No less than 80 per cent of the residual products are utilised

Examples of areas of application for residual products are:

• Metals industry – different kinds of raw material 
• Road construction and the building industry – ballast (fill materials), steel slag asphalt, binder material and production of cement
• Agriculture and animal husbandry – soil improvers and horse riding surfaces
• Electronics industry – ferrites
• Chemical industry – different kinds of raw materials and fertiliser production 

Examples of residual products

Slag has several important functions in the production processes for iron and steel. Just over one half of the residual products are metallurgical slags; with blast furnace slag being the largest item.  

Read more about slag.

Dust and sludge from flue gas purification is another major item amongst the residual products. 

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